Here is the rewritten text:
The article discusses the rise of newsletters as a means of independent journalism, both in the 1940s and today.
Historical Context
In the 1940s, journalists like Claud Cockburn and George Seldes left traditional media outlets to start their own newsletters. They used mimeograph machines to produce and distribute their newsletters. This movement was driven by a crisis of confidence in the newspaper industry and the rise of new technology.
Motivations
Journalists were frustrated with the conservative bias and complacency of mainstream media. They wanted to report on stories that were being ignored or suppressed. They sought to create a more independent and free press.
Modern Parallels
Today, we're seeing a similar rise of newsletters as a means of independent journalism. Journalists are leaving traditional media outlets to start their own newsletters on platforms like Substack. This movement is driven by similar motivations, including frustration with mainstream media and a desire for greater independence.
Lessons from History
The article suggests that the current newsletter boom may be a response to similar crises of confidence in mainstream media. It warns that the rise of newsletters can also lead to fragmentation and the reinforcement of existing biases. It highlights the importance of maintaining a critical and nuanced perspective in independent journalism.